Railways Notes / Mathematics (Quantitative Aptitude) / Chapter 8
Chapter 8 of 31

Profit and Loss

Cost Price, Selling Price, and Profit/Loss percentage relationships — the base for the Discount chapter that follows.

📖 ~4 min read 📐 RRB NTPC / Group D — Mathematics

Core Terms

  • Cost Price (CP): Price at which an item is purchased
  • Selling Price (SP): Price at which an item is sold
  • Profit: SP − CP (when SP > CP)
  • Loss: CP − SP (when CP > SP)

Core Formulas

QuantityFormula
Profit %(Profit / CP) × 100
Loss %(Loss / CP) × 100
SP from CP and Profit%SP = CP × (100 + Profit%)/100
SP from CP and Loss%SP = CP × (100 − Loss%)/100

Multiple Article Problems

If CP of "a" articles = SP of "b" articles, then Profit% = [(a−b)/b] × 100
💡 Example: CP of 15 pens = SP of 12 pens → Profit% = [(15−12)/12]×100 = 25%

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