India's major digital governance initiatives and IT policy framework — the current-affairs-linked capstone of the Computer Awareness syllabus.
E-Governance uses information technology to deliver government services, information, and communication transactions to citizens more efficiently. This final chapter covers India's major digital governance initiatives — a frequently updated, current-affairs-linked area of the syllabus.
| Model | Description |
|---|---|
| G2C (Government to Citizen) | Direct government services to citizens (e.g., online certificate applications) |
| G2B (Government to Business) | Government interactions with businesses (e.g., online tax filing, licensing) |
| G2G (Government to Government) | Information exchange between different government departments/agencies |
| G2E (Government to Employee) | Internal government services for its own employees |
| Initiative | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Digital India (launched 2015) | Umbrella programme to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy |
| Aadhaar | Unique 12-digit biometric-linked identity number issued by UIDAI, foundational to India's digital identity infrastructure |
| UPI (Unified Payments Interface) | Real-time interbank payment system enabling instant money transfer via mobile devices, developed by NPCI |
| DigiLocker | Cloud-based platform for storing and verifying official documents digitally |
| MyGov | Citizen engagement platform for participating in policy-related discussions |
| CoWIN | Digital platform used for COVID-19 vaccination registration and certificate management |
| e-NAM | National Agriculture Market — online trading platform for agricultural commodities |
India's "India Stack" — a set of open APIs and digital systems (Aadhaar, UPI, DigiLocker) — is often cited internationally (including at the G20) as a model for other developing nations building their own foundational digital public infrastructure.
| Law/Policy | Key Provision |
|---|---|
| Information Technology Act, 2000 | Provides legal recognition for electronic records/signatures; defines cybercrimes and penalties |
| IT (Amendment) Act, 2008 | Introduced provisions for data protection, cyber terrorism, and expanded cybercrime definitions |
| Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 | India's comprehensive data privacy law, governing the processing of personal data |
Launched in 2006, the NeGP was an earlier umbrella framework of Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) aimed at making government services accessible electronically, later expanded and integrated into the broader Digital India programme from 2015 onward.
| Portal | Purpose |
|---|---|
| UMANG | Unified mobile app providing access to multiple government services on a single platform |
| PM Gati Shakti | National Master Plan digital platform for coordinated infrastructure planning (also covered in the Economy series) |
| eCourts | Platform digitising and providing access to judicial case information |
This free chapter covers the key concepts. For complete coverage with 500+ MCQs, mock tests, and previous year analysis — grab the premium eBook.
📚 Browse Premium eBooks →